Smith (2012) argues that there is reason to believe this method has “great potential” (31). If quoting, add a page number directly after the quote: If the researcher’s name is already mentioned in the text, the citation should appear straight after it and include only the date. Previous researchers have argued that the evidence is insufficient to confirm a correlation (Smith 2012 Johnson 2015), but new evidence suggests this consensus may be mistaken (McDonald 2018). If multiple citations are needed at the same point, they should appear in the same set of parentheses separated by a semicolon: (Smith 2012, 21–22) Placement of in-text citationsĪ citation usually appears at the end of the relevant clause, sentence or quotation, before any concluding punctuation. The page number appears after a comma and the first and last page are separated by an en dash. If you refer to a specific part of the text (particularly when quoting or paraphrasing), you should also add a page number or page range to direct the reader to the relevant passage. The citation includes the author’s last name followed by the year of publication, with no punctuation in between: In Chicago author-date style, you cite sources in parentheses in the text. Frequently asked questions about Chicago author-date style. Variations on the format of Chicago author-date citations.
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